Cardiac Medicine Certification Practice Exam 2025 – Comprehensive Prep Guide

Smoking is a well-documented risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD) due to its detrimental effects on vascular health. It accelerates the development of atherosclerosis, which is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This process narrows the blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the limbs, and contributes to the symptoms associated with PAD, such as leg pain during exertion.

Additionally, smoking has systemic effects that can exacerbate other risk factors, such as increasing blood pressure and promoting inflammation within the vascular system. This combination of adverse effects makes smoking a significant contributor to the onset and progression of PAD.

In contrast, hypertension is also a recognized risk factor, but it operates in conjunction with other factors rather than standing alone. A high potassium diet is generally considered beneficial for cardiovascular health and does not contribute to PAD. Regular exercise, on the other hand, is typically encouraged for improving circulatory health and reducing the risks associated with cardiovascular disease, including PAD. Thus, smoking stands out as the most direct risk factor leading to the development of peripheral artery disease.